What is the term for treatment started before the specific microbe has been identified?

The term for treatment started before the specific microbe has been identified is empiric treatment. This approach is commonly used in clinical practice when a healthcare provider suspects a bacterial infection but does not yet have laboratory results confirming the causative organism.

Empiric treatment is based on the clinical judgement of the healthcare provider, who considers factors such as the patient's symptoms, medical history, and the most likely pathogens that could be causing the infection, particularly if the patient is seriously ill or there is a risk of rapid deterioration. By initiating treatment in this manner, it aims to effectively address the infection while awaiting lab results, which can take time.

In contrast, targeted treatment occurs once the specific microbe has been identified, allowing for a more precise selection of antimicrobial therapies. Prophylactic treatment refers to measures taken to prevent an infection before it occurs, typically in cases where there is a known risk of exposure. Symptomatic treatment focuses on relieving symptoms rather than addressing the underlying cause of an illness.